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Aren't you not allowed to do investigations based on topics from the Ancient/Modern syllabus?

van der Vat- he published "The Good Nazi- the Life and Lies of Speer" or something.

- Homologous chromosomes come in pairs, with similar shapes, size etc etc, and are the means of inheritance. - During gamete formation, the sex cells will receive one of these chromosomes. - When fertilisation occurs, the resulting zygote has the full set of chromosomes. - There must be hundreds...

It helps to attach the free nucleotide bases (that are complementary to the exposed single DNA strand) together and builds the strand.

The chromosomes/meiosis bit - yuck!

I guess you could use transgenic species as an example. Lymph systems transport tissue fluid away from the cells towards the heart. Your lymph system has lymph nodes, that contain phagocytes and produce lymphocytes. If there are pathogens within the tissue fluid, WBCs will engulf and destroy...

Inflammation - our blood vessels near the infection site dilate and become more permeable, allowing phagocytes, repairing materials (for a lack of a better name :S) and heat to be brought in to attempt to destroy the pathogens/antigens. Phagocytes- WBCs that go around and engulf foreign bodies...

Relate natural selection, vaccinations, T and B lymphocytes specific response (and how they have to change constantly in response to influenza), the need for frequent changes in vaccinations and diagnosis due to the changing nature of influenza viruses (due to changes in antigens), impact on...

Perpetrator alert :o I guess so, but the Biology sub does really give the opportunity to explore a bit. But in the exam, just clear and concise considering the amount of lines given.

You got increased frequency of dark-skinned people near the equator and the gradual increase of fair-skinned people as move away. The increase of blue-eyed, blonde-haired individuals as move away from the Mediterranean to the Scandinavian nations. I just realised this was posted last year.

Not based on knowledge but links, implications and key concepts.

And the impact of vaccinations on communities and the economy.

You're welcome. :)

Gibbons do not form part of the Great Apes family. And I doubt it.

No, they belong to their own family. Hominids I think only consist of humans, chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans. Gibbons belong to the Hylobatidae family.

Hominin is a name for sub-tribe under the Hominidae family, and only refers to modern day humans and their ancesotors. So Australopithecines, Paranthropus Boisei and the Homos fall under Hominin only. Gibbons don't even fall under Hominids at all. And chemokines, I don't think you need to know...

Polymorphism - the occurrence of a range of form of characteristics due to the expression of different genes within a population. Clinal gradation- the gradual change in frequency of genetically-inherited characteristics as we move from one region to another. And xylem usually have a larger...