a) ∠AEB = ∠ABE (base angles of isosceles triangle ABE)
= ∠ACE (angles on same arc AE). Q.E.D.
b) ∠BQC = ∠AQE (vertically opposite angles)
= ∠QAB + ∠ABQ (external angle of triangle AQB)
= y + x (due to our definitions of x and y, and ∠ABQ = ∠ABE = x)
= x + y (symmetric property of equality). Q.E.D.
c) ∠ACB = ∠AEB (angles on same arc AB) = x.
∴ ∠ABC = 180° – (x + y) (angle sum of triangle ABC)
∴ ∠PDC = x + y (opposite angles of cyclic quadrilateral ADCB are supplementary)
⇒ ∠PDC = ∠BQC
⇒ PQCD is a cylic quadrilateral (interior angle equals exterior opposite angle). Q.E.D.