pem bio 2019 (1 Viewer)

[stressedadfff]

hey guys does anyone know the answer to the following, theres no soultions

 

[zizi2003_]

hey guys does anyone know the answer to the following, theres no soultions View attachment 33000View attachment 33001

5 must be D. The first graph showcases 4 (multiple) alleles for one colour gene, second graph shows 2 alleles for one hair gene (aligning with mendelian ratios) and third graph shows many genes for one phenotype (polygenic).

for the other question, thr answer should be C- transposons are also known mutagens that often create duplication or translocation mutations

 

[stressedadfff]

hi guys does anyone know the following?
Our immune system functions to protect our bodies from pathogens. In certain cases, however,
serious disorders can arise from over-activity of the immune system. Discuss this statement
using specific examples.
i know we can talk about anaphylactic shock and organ transplants but like not too sure how to address it

 

[jimmysmith560]

hi guys does anyone know the following?
Our immune system functions to protect our bodies from pathogens. In certain cases, however,
serious disorders can arise from over-activity of the immune system. Discuss this statement
using specific examples.
i know we can talk about anaphylactic shock and organ transplants but like not too sure how to address it

Would the following sample response help?

The immune system may respond inappropriately to non-noxious stimuli, causing harmful over-activity of the immune system. Allergic diseases (hypersensitivity) occur when the body responds to harmless environmental stimuli such as dust, pollen, foods, medications or stinging insects. This can result in mild allergic inflammatory responses such as hay fever but can be as serious as life-threatening anaphylactic shock, where the body’s blood pressure drops and airways constrict, impeding normal breathing and vascular function. The body can also respond inappropriately to self-antigen, causing autoimmune conditions. These include Type 1 diabetes and coeliac disease, where the pancreatic beta-cells and intestinal cells are attacked by the body’s own immune system respectively. This has significant impacts on the lifestyle of patients, impairing essential metabolic processes from occurring and often resulting in patients having to be on lifetime medications and management strategies.

 

[stressedadfff]

Would the following sample response help?

The immune system may respond inappropriately to non-noxious stimuli, causing harmful over-activity of the immune system. Allergic diseases (hypersensitivity) occur when the body responds to harmless environmental stimuli such as dust, pollen, foods, medications or stinging insects. This can result in mild allergic inflammatory responses such as hay fever but can be as serious as life-threatening anaphylactic shock, where the body’s blood pressure drops and airways constrict, impeding normal breathing and vascular function. The body can also respond inappropriately to self-antigen, causing autoimmune conditions. These include Type 1 diabetes and coeliac disease, where the pancreatic beta-cells and intestinal cells are attacked by the body’s own immune system respectively. This has significant impacts on the lifestyle of patients, impairing essential metabolic processes from occurring and often resulting in patients having to be on lifetime medications and management strategies.

THANK YOU!

 

[zizi2003_]

The mutagen question is A. Microwaves are non ionising radiation so it can’t be C

but oncogenes are not mutagenic, instead they arise as a result of mutations in the proto-oncogenes?

 

[zizi2003_]

You can get to the answer by process of elimination. It’s defintely not B,C or D.

But yes that’s true, proto-oncogenes are involved in the process of cell growth, they can turn into oncogenes when a mutation (error) permanently activates the gene.

I don’t know what PEM was smoking when they did this. Since Oncogenes arise as a result of mutations that increase the expression level or activity of a proto-oncogene.

maybe they could have gotten away with it, if they somehow managed to define cancer as a mutation and stated that oncogenes are technically mutagens. But even this a bit of stretch since cancer is still caused by a mutation it self

yeh exactly, cancer is caused by a mutation in the DNA repair/proto-onco genes - cancer itself is not a mutation lol
PEM questions are usually very dodgy. I was looking at the 2021 paper and this question is also so weird:

the answer here could be both B and C technically !?!

 

[zizi2003_]

This is is B
C says will have no effect on phenotype.
We know that non coding mutation may or may not effect phenotype depending on the mutation.
Since C says will have no effect on phenotypes in all cases. Which is why C is incorrect.

Whilst B says can effect, and as we know certain sections of non coding DNA indirectly effect transcription whilst some are literally just junk DNA. So B is correct

I thought the same way, but the answer said C tho

 

[zizi2003_]

This question is from PEM 2021
View attachment 33006

lol my school's original trial paper had a few questions from this paper including Q12 and the answer said C ??

 

[zizi2003_]

I can confirm this question is indeed question 12 of PEM 2021.
How did you find out it was from this paper? Did they tell you?

I found the paper in the shared drive with different schools papers on