Darrow said:
Question 1 reminds me of a chemistry past paper hsc multiple choice question
Water can to form a Hydronium Ion
HF can
and Ammonia can to form Ammonium
No idea what they want with part 2
No, I think that only water and ammonia can. In water both ionise, as you correctly stated, to form hydronium and ammonium ions, which both have a coordinate covalent bond.
Also, for the second question, I think what was meant was actually fractions, as in, in the process of fractional distillation. To be honest though, I don't know the answer...
I don't actually think it's important at all. What is important though, is that we know that the larger hydrocarbons 15 - 35 carbons in a chain, can be broken down into smaller alkanes and alkenes using catalytic cracking or steam/thermal cracking. We must also learn the conditions in which these reactions occur.
I.e. thermal will obviously require high temperatures (1000-3000 C, I think... and an atmosphere's pressure. As the hydrocarbons pass through hot metal tubes - no catalyst is needed.)
In regards to catalytic cracking, crystalline alumino silicates are used (a.k.a zeolites) as catalysts. The difference is that, where thermal breaks them down fully, catalytic cracking does not...
