basically to investigate nuclear force and nature of fundamental particles, you need to disrupt the nucleus through applying energy to it
this is done thru particle accelerators which accelerate particles such as protons to the energy required, and these particle accelerators do 2 things : 1 produce a radioisotope and 2 release beams of high energy particles which can then be used to probe the structure of matter, leaving tracks which can be photographed when spiralling in a cloud chamber
then u talk abt the different accelerators briefly - main three are linear, cycloton, synchtron