I think a variable is the factor being tested; the part of the experiment that has changed. For example, in the experiment where part of it was when you tested the effect of the pH on the activity of a particular enzyme, the variable would be the pH because it changes. I'm guessing that it's also the controlled variable because you're able to control the amount of pH you use.
Then there's independent variable and the dependent variable if you want to know that. The dependent variable is the one that
depends on the independent variable. Getting back to the same experiment, the dependent variable would be the rate of activity on the enzyme as it depends of the independent variable which is the pH because you have control of that.
Hope it helps. Although it probably makes no sense.