I will agree with Sy that some people seem to attack a lack of conceptual understanding and linking things together, by attacking everything with a rote learning approach. They don't look for how things relate to each other, how they differ, ask constructive questions (say, asking if the process occurs like this one, or differs how, relating to past learning). I'd say that kind of active learning some people lack, and often it's because they don't know how to approach information or concepts in a way tailored to their learning style. You can see this concept demonstrated by two phenomena;
A) An active learning, naturally intelligent student may not have to study much but gets great results.
B) A student with non tailored learning standards who is not as naturally intelligent may rote for hours and may get average HSC results. This often ties in with them not having the skills to adapt their knowledge to new situation's demands.
In some ways, I think the HSC is overhyped in that, instead of students being comfortable in their knowledge, they will continue to study concepts they already have well down pat-just from that pressure to study in massive quantity and study as much as others. Students who have their tailored active learning and INDEPENDENT way of absorbing knowledge tend to cope better in uni imho.
Point 1 - Often teachers misguide students.
Yeah this can occur. Students can be misled by getting great marks in assessments and that all year, but may not be taught the proper way to approach the HSC questions and then bam, they will get all get external marks way under what they were getting internally.
See above, I am assuming the students have adequate teachers which in most cases they would. If not they can get a tutor.
Don't think tutors are bandaid solutions-the foundations and thrust for learning come from the student themselves. Tutors can also be misleading as a few teachers can be. Finding good quality tutors can be particularly hard if you live in a rural setting too.