how does resonance work in tubes and what is the formula for it, i am doing a depth study where i have to show how length affects the resonance frequency, however i have no idea how this works in tubes and how to calculate this. is the wavelength for the resonant frequency the same as the length of the pipe? thats what i can gather from most sources but they all refuse to elaborate on the topic and i am confused. if any physics students can help me out that would be much appreciated also if you could show me how to derive this equation/where it comes from that would be very helpful.
hey
Resonance in tubes, particularly in the context of pipes or cylindrical tubes, is a phenomenon where sound waves are reinforced by constructive interference, leading to an increase in the amplitude of the sound. This phenomenon occurs when the length of the tube corresponds to certain wavelengths of the sound waves.
In a closed tube (like a pipe closed at one end), the fundamental frequency (the lowest resonant frequency) occurs when the length of the tube is equal to one-fourth of the wavelength of the sound wave. In an open tube (like a pipe open at both ends), the fundamental frequency occurs when the length of the tube is equal to one-half of the wavelength of the sound wave.
The formula for the fundamental frequency of a closed tube is given by:
\[ f = \frac{v}{4L} \]
And for an open tube:
\[ f = \frac{v}{2L} \]
Where:
- \( f \) is the frequency of the sound wave (the resonant frequency).
- \( v \) is the speed of sound in the medium (e.g., air).
- \( L \) is the length of the tube.
The derivation of these formulas involves understanding the nature of sound waves and the conditions for constructive interference within the tube.
In a closed tube, the closed end acts as a node (point of minimum vibration), while the open end acts as an antinode (point of maximum vibration). This results in the fundamental mode having a quarter-wavelength pattern within the tube.
For an open tube, both ends act as antinodes, leading to a half-wavelength pattern within the tube.
These formulas can be derived from the general equation for the fundamental frequency of a standing wave:
\[ f = \frac{v}{\lambda} \]
Where \( \lambda \) is the wavelength of the sound wave.
For a closed tube, \( \lambda = 4L \) (since it's a quarter of a wavelength), and for an open tube, \( \lambda = 2L \). Substituting these values into the general equation gives you the specific formulas mentioned earlier.
I hope this helps
The formula for calculating the fundamental frequency of a close pipe is
f = v/4L
