Aether model is the scientific concept. That is aether is the medium in which light travels, is the fabric of space, has certain properties (great elasticity, extremely low density, permeates all matter), and it is the absolute frame of reference.
It was well established that motion was relative by Galileo way before anyone and that speed was determined by your frame of reference, so when James Maxwell worked out the electromagnetic waves travel at 3 x 10^8 in a vacuum, it preempted the question; what was this speed relative to? The aether model pretty much describes aether as the fabric of space, and so it gave something that theoretically everything else would be relative too. It seemed logical that there would be some kind of absolute reference, and so aether was what it was called.