1. The parabola
is negative when
. So when you take the absolute value, the only change in the graph is that that area will be flipped across the x axis to become positive. Same area, just the direction is changed. Therefore, to obtain the area between
and the x-axis from
to
, we can integrate three parts of the curve separately (not to be confused with integration by parts...):
Normally the middle integral would be negative, since the curve is under the x-axis at that point, but we can just take the absolute value.
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2. It may be less confusing to integrate on the x-axis, but it doesn't matter which you pick, you just have to rearrange both equations in terms of the same variable.
The parabola
is just the parabola
rotated 90 degrees clockwise about the origin.
To obtain the area where they intersect, we can rearrange
to make
the subject, giving
. Since these parabolas never intersect below the x-axis, we actually don't need the
sign so we can remove it and take the positive root.
Clearly, these integrals intersect at the origin and one other point, which is
. Therefore (keeping in mind which curve is above the other) we can use the integral
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3. If you draw a quick sketch it's easy to see that you are essentially being asked to find the area between
and
from
to
.
The integral we need is just